Paul L. Anderson
As Paul Anderson authored a number of books on Pictorial Photography (The Technique of Pictorial Photography, Photography, The Fine Art of Photography, Pictorial Photography, Its Principles and Practices, and Pictorial Landscape Photography) and was quite the gum printer, I went online and did a search and found that the Center for Creative Photography in AZ has a TON of his alt work. Those of you who live there can stop in and see it. Here are the holdings: http://www.creativephotography.org/collection/webbooks/anderson.pdf It looks like his first book was in 1913, and I am pleased to have one of his early articles before that time on multiple gum printing, from American Photography 1912. Also his 1913-14 articles in the same magazine, a 10 chapter Gum-Pigment Process. Also his articles from 1935. The 1913 article expounds upon the dreaded stain test which he gets, as he says, from Koester's Der Gummidruck book (1904). It is also interesting to see that in 1912 he was using a gum arabic mix that contained arrowroot or dextrine in these proportions: 12 oz water 2200 grains gum 270 grains arrowroot or white dextrine mercury bichloride 15grains But by 1913 he was suggesting not to add anything, though the starch would cut down on the gloss in the shadows. His formula by then for gum Arabic was: 1 lb gum 25 oz. water which he calls a 60% solution (actually 64% by weight but when mixed it would be more like a 50% solution as a rough guess, as I found that 65g of gum "packs down" to approx 25ml volume when mixed in water by a VERY rough calculation so don't take my word on this one; but still, this is a much thicker gum than we mix today and seems to follow the Germans with their 60% recommendations). He varies the ratio of gum to sensitizer according to pigment used according to the stain test, too long to go into, but his ranges are as high as 4 gum to 1 sensitizer (permanent blue) and as watery as 2 gum to 5 sensitizer for burnt sienna. In the 1912 article he was not varying his ratio much, but used 1:1 or 1:1.125. Enough now, back to writing. Chris Christina Z. Anderson Assistant Professor Photo Option Coordinator Montana State University CZAphotography.com _______________
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