gum printing, chemistry, and performance art

Dan Shapiro (dan@lis.stanford.edu)
Sat, 30 Apr 94 13:49:43 -0700

Does anyone out there understand gum printing at a more or less chemical level?
A bit ago, I got motivated by an alternative-processes class to try out substitutes
for the ingredients in gum-bichromate work, en route to what you might call a
printing/performance piece. The idea is to show up in the dark room with a
potato, an automobile hood ornament, some nose spray, a colored rock and a bottle of
urine, and emerge with a print. I have spent the last three months working towards
this design, trying to extract starches, gelatins and other colloids from common foods,
pigments from powdered rocks, and hunting down a synthesis for ammonium dichromate
given acid, chrome plating, and a source of ammonia.

So far, I have produced prints using substitutes for gum arabic and pigments, but only of
medium quality. I'm looking for help in understanding the variables of the process.

More specifically, I have been working the simplest of the gum techniques;
mixing sensitizer, colloid and pigment followed by exposure under a negative.
I am having trouble controlling the hardening reaction.. rather than see the
pigment differentially held to the page by hardened colloid I am seeing
the pigment overlayed more or less uniformly across the page on top of the
olive color of exposed ammonium dichromate.

My immediate question is "what conditions should I vary?". Gum techniques
are notoriously finicky, meaning the issue could be mechanical (e.g., in my
preparation and use of the media) or chemical (e.g., in my choice of
substitutes). I'd love to compare notes with someone who has broader
experience in gum printing (that could include a lot of people).

My second question is, "does anyone have experience with gum process substitutes, or
knowledge of gum printing at the chemical level?" I have a rather stale degree in chemistry
and have read easily available material on the topic. However, my experience to date
says it is time to talk with People In the Know.

Dan Shapiro