ENIO ALVES (enioalves@hotmail.com)
Tue, 23 Feb 1999 03:25:21 -0800 (PST)
Hi, Mike!
Do you happen to know any technical literature or books on these
subjects?
Thanks!
Enio Alves
>From: "C. Michael McKinney, MFA" <mckinnm@host1.swosu.edu>
>Subject: Re: X ray
>The following chemicals are used in radiographic film processing,
though I
>do not know formulas, etc. I only know this as I have to do the hazmat
and
>MSDS sheets for both darkrooms, mine and the radiology department's.
>Developer
>reducing agents: phendione, hydroquinone; activator: sodium carbonate;
>restrainer: potassium bromide; preservative: sodium sulfite; hardener:
>glutoraldehyde; solvent: water
>
>Fixer
>clearing agent: ammonium thiosulfate; activator: acetic acid;
hardener:
>potassium alum; preservative sodium sulfite; solvent: water
>
>These are for automatic processors that run about 90 seconds. 20-25
sec in
>Developer and 20 sec in fixer, 20 sec in wash and 25-30 sec in dry
>
>I know that one text I used to come up with these chemicals indicated
that
>in manual processing, metol (Kodak Elon) was used in place of
Phenidone.
>The hydroquinone would be used to slowly reduce silver and produce
heavy
>density. The phenidone and hydroquinone mixed together it greatly
enhances
>reduction.
>
>The action of the reducing agents is enhanced by maintaing the
developer in
>alkaline range of pH 10.0 - 10.5 with the activator, sodium carbonate.
>Potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide may also
be
>used. One could probably get away from the hardener, glutaraldehyde,
since
>this is primarily required to offset the roller transport abrasion.
>
>Hope this helps. Also, if the film is exposed to light after
development
>and before fixing, then the unreduced silver hallides will be converted
to
>black silver.
>
>TTFN
>
>Michael
>C. Michael McKinney, MFA
>Southwestern Oklahoma State University
>http://www.swosu.edu/~mckinnm
>
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